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Scientific article
Open access
English

Embedding potentials for excited states of embedded species

Published inThe Journal of chemical physics, vol. 140, no. 18, 18A530
Publication date2014
Abstract

Frozen-Density-Embedding Theory (FDET) is a formalism to obtain the upper bound of the ground-state energy of the total system and the corresponding embedded wavefunction by means of Euler-Lagrange equations [T. A. Wesolowski, Phys. Rev. A77(1), 012504 (2008)]. FDET provides the expression for the embedding potential as a functional of the electron density of the embedded species, electron density of the environment, and the field generated by other charges in the environment. Under certain conditions, FDET leads to the exact ground-state energy and density of the whole system. Following Perdew-Levy theorem on stationary states of the ground-state energy functional, the other-than-ground-state stationary states of the FDET energy functional correspond to excited states. In the present work, we analyze such use of other-than-ground-state embedded wavefunctions obtained in practical calculations, i.e., when the FDET embedding potential is approximated. Three computational approaches based on FDET, that assure self-consistent excitation energy and embedded wavefunction dealing with the issue of orthogonality of embedded wavefunctions for different states in a different manner, are proposed and discussed.

Keywords
  • Wave functions
  • Excited states
  • Ground states
  • Density functional theory
  • Excitation energies
Research group
Citation (ISO format)
WESOLOWSKI, Tomasz Adam. Embedding potentials for excited states of embedded species. In: The Journal of chemical physics, 2014, vol. 140, n° 18, p. 18A530. doi: 10.1063/1.4870014
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Article (Published version)
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Identifiers
ISSN of the journal0021-9606
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